A cerebral infarction, also known as an ischemic stroke, is amedical emergency caused by a sudden disruption of blood flow to the brain. It is usually caused by a blockage in a blood vessel, which obstructs blood flow and leads to a lack of oxygen in the affected areas of the brain. Immediate treatment is crucial to minimize cell damage and prevent permanent disability.
Causes
- Vascular occlusion:
An artery is blocked by a blood clot(thrombus)or narrowing.
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Thromboembolism:A blood clot that has formed elsewhere (e.g., in the heart) breaks loose, is carried by the bloodstream to the brain vessels, and blocks a vessel there.
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Calcification and narrowing of the vessel walls leads to a severe restriction of blood flow caused by deposits and hardening.
Common symptoms
- Visual disturbances (e.g., hemianopia, double vision)
- Weakness or paralysis, often on one side of the body
- Sensory disturbances such as numbness, tingling, or altered sensory perception
- Dizziness, balance problems, and unsteadiness
- Sudden, very severe headaches
- Speech or comprehension disorders
- Confusion, disorientation, or impaired consciousness
Treatment and aftercare
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Emergency:A cerebral infarction is always a medical emergency that requires immediate medical treatment, ideally in a specialized clinic(stroke unit).
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Time-critical:Treatment only has a chance of success within a narrow time window. The sooner it begins, the better brain function and performance can be preserved.
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Follow-up care:
If necessary, follow-up care such as physical therapy, occupational therapy, or speech therapy may be required.
Further facts
- A cerebral infarction is the most common type of stroke.
- It is one of the leading causes of permanent disability and is the third most common cause of death in Germany.