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transient ischemic attack (TIA)

A transient ischemic attack (TIA), also known as a "mini-stroke," is a temporary disruption of blood flow to the brain that leads to sudden but short-lived neurological deficits. It is caused by a temporary blockage of a blood vessel, but unlike a stroke, it does not cause permanent brain damage and the symptoms usually subside within an hour. A TIA is considered a serious warning sign for a ... Continue reading

transcranial direct current stimulation

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive procedure in which weak direct currents are conducted through the brain via electrodes on the scalp in order to modulate neural activity. It is mainly used to treat depression and chronic pain, such as fibromyalgia, but can also be used for stroke, migraine, and tinnitus. The method is considered effective ... Continue reading

Transcranial magnetic stimulation

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) TMS (transcranial magnetic stimulation) is a non-invasive procedure that uses magnetic fields to stimulate or inhibit nerve cells in the brain. In the treatment of epilepsy, TMS can be used to promote the brain's adaptability and alleviate symptoms, but it also carries risks, such as triggering an epileptic seizure, which ... Continue reading